1. INFLUENZA
The flu is a respiratory (i.e., nose, throat, and lung) infection that can be caused by a variety of influenza viruses.
· CAUSED
Influenza is caused by RNA viruses the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses), that affects birds and mammals.
· Symptoms
Influenza’s common symptoms are runny nose, sneezing, thoroat imflamation, headache, fever, and feeling of pain and fatigue in the muscles.
· Prevention
Ø INFLUENZA VACCINE
Ø ANTIVIRAL MEDICINES
· Treatment
Treatments for influenza include a range of medications.
Ø Antiviral Drugs
2. BRONCHITIS
Bronnchitis is an inflamation in the bronchi. The inflamation is will cause coughing and production of greyish yellow mucus in the lung.
· CAUSED
Bronchitis is caused by viral infction. It can be in cold and flu season, usually coupled with an upper respiratory infection.
· Symptoms
Symptoms such as fever with chills, muscle aches, nasal congestion, andsore throat.
· Prevention
Ø Stop smoking.
Ø Avoiding long exposure to air pollution from heavy traffic may help prevent bronchitis.
· Treatment
Treatments for Bronchitis are :
Ø Antibiotics
Ø Cough medicine
Ø Therapies
3. ASTHMA
Asthma is the common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. Asthma is not contagious, is genetic.
· CAUSED
Asthma is caused the muscles surrounding the bronchioles to constrict so much that air has difficulty reaching the lungs.
· Symptoms
Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
· Prevention
Ø Follow your asthma action plan with your doctor and health care team.
Ø Identify and avoid asthma triggers.
Ø Monitor your breathing.
Ø Identify and treat attacks early.
Ø Take your medication as prescribed.
Ø Pay attention to increasing quick-relief use inhaler .
· Treatment
Asthma cannot be cured
4. TUBERCULOSIS (TBC)
Tuberculosis is infectious disease that attacks the lungs.
· CAUSED
TB causes formation of hard nodules in alveolus. TB is caused by the bacteria Mycrobacterium tuberculosis.
· Symptoms
Symptoms such as loss of weight, loss of energy, poor appetite, fever, a productive cough, and night sweats
· Prevention
Ø The tuberculosis vaccine.
· Treatment
Treatments for TBC are :
Ø Isoniazid
Ø Rifampicin
Ø Pyrazinamide
The patient is considered cured at six months (although there is still a relapse rate of 2 to 3%).
5. Pneumonia
Pneumonia is inflammation lung tissue, especialy in the alveoli.
· CAUSED
Pneumonia caused by bacteria, viruses an fungi. The alveoli is fill with fluid and mucous, preventing oxygen from being absorbed.
· Symptoms
Symptoms is cold and flu
· Prevention
Ø Pneumococcal vaccine (Pneumovax, Prevnar) prevents Streptococcus pneumonia.
Ø Influenza vaccine prevents pneumonia and other infections caused by flu viruses.
Ø Hib vaccine prevents pneumonia in children from Haemophilus influenzae type b.
· Treatment
Treatments for Pneumonia are :
Ø O2 if necessary,
Ø Antibiotics
6. Pleurisy (pleuritis)
Pleurisy is an inflamation of the double membranes surrounding the lungs (pleura).
· CAUSED
Pleurisy is caused by infections of other organ close to lungs.
· Symptoms
Ø Chest pain
Ø Cough
Ø Shortness of breath
Ø Fever
· Prevention
Ø anti-inflammatory drugs.
· Treatment
anti-inflammatory medicine :
Ø ibuprofen (Motrin) or aspirin, (to reduce the pain and inflammation).
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